There are various disorders that can occur in the oral cavity. While some can be rapidly treated, using similar expressions for others is challenging, especially since the treatment for conditions like oral cancer is considerably lengthy.

The most common issue within the oral cavity is the occurrence of sores. These sores can result from external factors like hard foods or extremely hot/cold beverages, or deficiencies in iron, zinc, and vitamins. Additionally, the impact of viruses causing certain diseases can also manifest in oral ulcers. Effects of diseases such as fungal infections, syphilis, and tuberculosis can be observed in the sores within the mouth.

Certainly, the most significant disease that can occur in the mouth is undoubtedly cancer. Prolonged sores in the oral cavity, particularly those that do not heal over time, can be indicative of oral cancer. Lesions accompanying oral cancer may not initially cause any pain, leading to the disease being unnoticed or not given enough attention. This can result in the rapid progression and spread of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to seek medical attention for seemingly insignificant sores or swellings in their mouths. You can undergo these examinations by visiting our clinic and receive detailed information.

Regular check-ups imply early detection of potential cancer cases, which is of utmost importance for treatment. Dealing with cancer and similar diseases is significantly easier and has a higher success rate when addressed at the beginning of the process.

Gum Diseases

“Gum diseases” or “periodontal diseases” are infectious conditions that affect the gums and the supporting tissues of the teeth. Inadequate oral hygiene accelerates the development of gum diseases. About 70% of adult tooth loss is attributed to gum diseases. When these diseases are diagnosed early, they can be easily and successfully treated.

The primary types of gum diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis manifests as inflammation of the gum tissue. When gum inflammation occurs and intensifies, it leads to the erosion of the bone tissue that supports the teeth. Even if the teeth are free of cavities, they can become loose and be lost. Causes of gingivitis include dental plaques, damage and trauma to the gums, uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, inadequate oral care, improperly constructed crowns, fillings, and bridges, as well as certain medications. Symptoms of gingivitis include swelling of the gums, a bright red or red-purple shiny appearance, bleeding, pain upon touch, and the formation of mouth sores. For treatment, antibacterial mouthwashes may be recommended. Effective oral care is the best way to prevent gingivitis.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a disease characterized by infection or abscess of the gums or jawbone. It typically progresses very slowly and results in the loss of the bone supporting the teeth. In some cases, after bone loss, the gums recede, and the roots become visible. Patients often may not notice the progression of inflammation since it is generally painless. The treatment for periodontitis, which includes constant bad breath, a taste disorder in the mouth, and inflammatory discharge between teeth and gums, is surgery.

Oral Cavity Diseases

Among the most common oral cavity diseases are thrush, cold sores, leukoplakia, and fungal infections. Oral irritations and lesions can be painful, unsightly, and may restrict eating and speaking (Oral irritations and lesions refer to swelling, discoloration, or pain in the mouth, lips, or tongue.).

Herpes Simplex (Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis)

It is an acute viral infection occurring in the oral cavity in either a primary or recurrent form. It is caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. Prodromal symptoms manifest as low-grade fever, general malaise, and weight loss accompanied by gastrointestinal disturbances. Initial symptoms in the mouth include a burning, tingling, or throbbing sensation in the gums. The most common characteristic sign is the presence of vesicular eruptions. While these eruptions can occur anywhere in the mouth, the lips, gums, tongue, and hard palate are the most commonly affected areas. Treatment is typically preventive and symptomatic.

Vincent’s Angina (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)

It is the ulcerative necrosis of the gingiva. If the lesion involves other oral structures, it is referred to as acute necrotizing ulcerative mucositis or Vincent’s angina. Aseptic necrosis occurs due to poor oral hygiene, smoking, irritation from foods, fatigue, stress, trauma, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and capillary stasis resulting from smoking. The same factors lead to the accumulation of bacterial products in dental plaque. Throat pain or gingival bleeding and bad breath are the initial symptoms. Fever, loss of appetite, and increased saliva production are other indicators. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used in its treatment.

Herpangina

The condition characterized by rashes and ulcers in the mouth, caused by the Coxsackie A virus, is known as herpangina. The incubation period is 4-6 days, and the disease typically begins suddenly with high fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and mouth lesions. The lesions appear as fluid-filled swellings and can be found on the uvula, soft palate, or throat. It primarily affects individuals over 15 years old. The fever lasts for 3-4 days, and symptoms usually resolve within a week. General symptoms include high fever, headache, neck and throat pain, and loss of taste sensation. The key aspect of treatment is ensuring adequate hydration. Symptomatic and supportive care is generally sufficient for management.

Oral Mucosal Candidiasis (Moniliasis)

These are white lesions characterized by pseudomembranes in newborns or adults, commonly known as thrush, caused by Candida albicans infection. Risk factors include antibiotic use, dry mouth, systemic use, HIV, leukemia, cancer, and diabetes. Treatment involves addressing the underlying factors and using gargles containing antifungals.

Leukoplakia

The general term for white plaque-like tissue disturbances in the mouth is called leukoplakia. Risk factors for the development of leukoplakia include chronic tobacco use, alcohol consumption, chronic irritation, and trauma, as well as oral candidiasis. There is a 10% risk of developing cancer. The treatment is determined based on the biopsy results.

Erythroplakia

Erythroplakia is a potentially precancerous condition typically observed in the oral cavity or other mucosal areas, often appearing in a red color. This condition should be definitively diagnosed through tissue biopsy and evaluation by a healthcare professional. Erythroplakia is associated with oral cancer, and early diagnosis is crucial.